不同采收期水冬瓜叶的主成分分析及抗炎镇痛谱效关系研究

为筛选水冬瓜叶抗炎镇痛活性成分,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)建立不同采收期10批次水冬瓜叶药材指纹图谱,对其进行主成分分析,并基于皮尔逊相关分析法探讨不同采收期水冬瓜叶药材抗炎镇痛的谱效关系。结果显示,不同采收期水冬瓜叶药材HPLC指纹图谱中有17个共有峰,10批次药材的相似度为0.875~0.973。聚类分析将不同采收期水冬瓜叶药材分为3类。主成分分析共得到3个主成分。经皮尔逊相关分析,峰17、峰14、峰12、峰15、峰13、峰5、峰16和峰4可能为水冬瓜叶药材镇痛作用的物质基础,峰6、峰8(异槲皮苷)、峰11、峰7(金丝桃苷)、峰5、峰3、峰4、峰13、峰9和峰1可能为水冬瓜叶药材抗炎作用的物质基础。     

Assessment of Nutritional and Antioxidant Potential of Selected Vitality Strengthening Himalayan Medicinal Plants

Three Himalayan medicinal plants (Habenaria intermedia, H. edgeworthii, and Roscoea procera), widely used in vitality strengthening Ayurvedic formulations in India, were assessed for nutritional phytochemical constituents, and antioxidant activity. These target species emerged as a good source of minerals and possessed important micro elements. Individually, H. intermedia contained a high content of total phenols, thiamins, tannins, and calcium; R. procera was rich in potassium and iron content; and H. edgeworthii emerged as a good source of sodium. While various antioxidant assays provided evidences on the antioxidant potential of target species, greater antioxidant potential of H. intermedia as compared to the other two species was revealing. This study, therefore, highlighted the possibilities of harnessing nutritional and antioxidant potential of these species.     

诱导条件下营养因子对粗糙脉孢菌合成漆酶的影响

研究了粗糙脉孢菌合成漆酶的一些重要影响因素，包括诱导剂种类、碳源、氮源。获得了粗糙脉孢菌合成漆酶的较适宜每件：以20g／L葡萄糖为碳源，2g／L硝酸铵为氮源，粗糙脉孢菌静止培养2-3d后，再加入放线菌酮（终浓度2．8μmol／L）诱导培养6—7d后产生的漆酶的最高酶活可达4-5u／mL。     

好食脉孢霉发酵产类胡萝卜素的鉴定、抗氧化性及稳定性研究

利用液相色谱-质谱联用技术对好食脉孢霉(Neurospora sitophila)固态发酵生产的类胡萝卜素进行初步鉴定,研究了类胡萝卜素粗提物的抗氧化活性和稳定性。N.sitophila来源的类胡萝卜素的主要成分之一为β-胡萝卜素;当质量浓度为6μg/mL时,类胡萝卜素的DPPH自由基清除率显著高于α-生育酚、丁基羟基茴香醚(butyl hydroxylanisole,BHA)和β-胡萝卜素(P<0.05),羟自由基清除率显著高于α-生育酚、BHA、特丁基对苯二酚(tert-butyl hydroquinone,TBHQ)和β-胡萝卜素(P<0.05),总还原力显著高于α-生育酚和β-胡萝卜素(P<0.05);类胡萝卜素在避光、低温及不含K^+、Na^+、Mg^2+、Ca^2+、Ba^2+、Cu^2+、Fe^3+的条件下较稳定。研究结果表明好食脉孢霉类胡萝卜素具有较强的抗氧化活性,具有开发为天然抗氧化剂的巨大潜力。     

Biological treatment of azo dyes on effluent by Neurospora sp isolated and adopted from dye contaminated site

Abstract

Application of fungal agents to develop eco-friendly and cost-effective dye removal from textile effluent was studied. A fungal strain Neurospora sp has been isolated from effluent site and tested for its ability to biosorption and biodegrade azodyes. Biosorption of azo dyes by live and dead fungal biomass was evaluated. Percentage of decolorization was found to be effective against all tested azodyes and ranges between 33 and 76%. Nearly 72% of azo dyes were removed by dead Neurospora sp biomass and 86% respectively by live active biomass. Biodegradation of textile effluent by Neurospora sp showed changes in BOD, COD and TOC indicates that isolated Neurospora sp effectively degrade and utilize the dye as a sole carbon source. The initial TOC of 2600?mg/L was approximately reduced to almost its three fourth within a week. Research works on application of fungal biomass on textile effluent treatment have proven decolorizing potential among a wide range of anionic and cationic dyes. Based on the results, the biosorption mechanism by Neurospora sp was observed as effective, economic and eco-friendly decontaminant.     

Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry of the adenohypophysis in the rat: A review

Immunocytochemistry has made great strides in the morphology of endocrine glands, especially the adenohypophysis, because the localization of hormones can be clearly demonstrated by this method in the microscopic preparations both for light and electron microscopy. In the adenohypophysis, electron microscopic immunocytochemistry is useful for identifying the producer cell of each hormone. The second contribution is its application to the cell biology of secretion mechanisms. The pituitary hormones, their precursors, derivatives, and fragments were artificially synthesized and their antibodies were produced. Using these antibodies the intracellular sites of synthesis, condensation, processing, and sorting were studied under the electron microscope. The ultrastructure of each cell organelle and its alteration due to the changing function was studied. It was proved that the intracisternal granules in the thyroidectomy cells contain thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The trans-Golgi network or GERL contains a peculiar supporting structure, intracisternal skeleton. Transport of secretory granules may be performed in relation to the microtubules, actin, and some related substances. The most frequently observed mode of hormone release in the adenohypophysis is exocytosis. Sometimes multigranular exocytosis occurs. Vesiculation of membrane around the secretory granules often occur inward or outward. The inward vesiculation forms pinocytotic vesicles, through which the membrane material may be retrieved. The outward vesiculation forms vesicle-like fragments of cytoplasm being discarded to the extracellular space. By these mechanisms the surface area of the cell is maintained constantly.     

体外消化和贮藏条件对粗壮脉纹孢菌孢子中类胡萝卜素稳定性的影响

采用国标测定粗壮脉纹孢菌（Neurospora crassa）孢子壁的基本组成成分,扫描电子显微镜观察孢子形态 及颗粒大小,1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼和螯合金属离子法测定孢子中类胡萝卜素的抗氧化能力,分光光度法测定总 类胡萝卜素的含量,分别研究不同体外消化体系和贮藏条件对孢子中类胡萝卜素稳定性的影响。结果发现,粗壮脉 纹孢菌孢子壁中水分、粗纤维、粗脂肪、蛋白质、几丁质质量分数分别为（17.70±0.63）%、（29.90±0.03）%、 （0.32±0.11）%、（28.32±0.89）%、（0.66±0.13）%,孢子中总类胡萝卜素含量为（776.42±2.05）μg/g孢子。经 过口腔、胃和小肠消化后粗壮脉纹孢菌孢子壁局部均出现密集的小孔,孢子较未处理相比有一定程度的皱缩。消化过 程中孢子中类胡萝卜素的释放率显著提高,口腔（9.35%）＜胃（18.78%）＜小肠（32.58%）,消化液中抗氧化活性 显著升高,口腔＜胃＜小肠;贮藏9 d后类胡萝卜素的减少率分别为：4 ℃避光组2.24%,25 ℃避光组3.19%,25 ℃ 光照组5.79%。研究表明粗壮脉纹孢菌孢子壁是一种适合包埋不稳定物质的壁材,且利于消化吸收。     

响应面试验优化粗糙脉胞菌中番茄红素的提取工艺

应用响应面分析法对粗糙脉孢菌（Neurospora crassa）中番茄红素的提取工艺进行优化。粗糙脉孢菌（Neurospora crassa）3.1607为发酵菌种发酵,研磨结合超声破碎法破碎菌体,以溶剂配比、浸提温度、浸提时间为影响因素,产物高效液相色谱分析得到提取量为响应值。通过响应面分析法得到最佳提取条件为浸提温度67.48 ℃、浸提时间2.51 h、溶剂配比（乙酸乙酯-丙酮,V/V）16∶25,此时番茄红素提取量最高可达71.227 μg/g。按修正后的最佳工艺条件（67 ℃、2.5 h、溶剂配比2∶3）进行验证实验,实际提取结果为71.688 μg/g,这与模型预测值吻合。